软弱富水地层浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降和支护结构受力的模型试验

以莞惠城际轨道交通工程项目GZH-5标段中DK32+300~DK32+927.303段为背景,通过2组模型试验,其中一组无超前注浆,另一组进行超前注浆,研究软弱富水地层浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降和支护结构受力规律及超前注浆对其受力变形造成的影响,最后,针对软弱富水地层浅埋暗挖隧道施工,提出几点隧道工程设计和施工的相关建议。     

西津水利枢纽二线船闸下游引航道右岸支流汇入口消能设施设计

西津水利枢纽二线船闸工程是建设"西江亿吨级黄金水道"的重要举措之一。为研究二线船闸下引航道停泊段右岸西竹坑支流的汇入对二线船闸下引航道内通航水流条件的影响,通过水工模型试验研究在支流沟内布置消能设施对支流入汇口处流速、流态的影响,提出斜向导流坝、消力墩和消力池的工程措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

实船舵空化现象试验观察

空化是高航速下水面舰船螺旋桨及舵等附体上常见的现象,空化的产生会带来振动、噪声和空蚀等一系列问题,直接影响舰船的舒适性和局部结构的安全性.而由于国内有关实尺度舵空化数据的缺乏,导致人们对于实船舵空化的状况仍知之甚少.本文通过试验方法观察了某一实船舵在一定航速、一定舵角下的空化状况,获得了实船舵空化出现的位置及程度,为实尺度舵空化问题的认识和优化提供了一定参考.     

砂石桩非连续屏障隔振试验研究

针对强夯施工产生的强烈地面振动会对周围人和环境产生不利影响、采用连续屏障隔振成本较高的问题,进行强夯振动试验和砂石桩隔振试验研究。对比研究不同砂石桩材料、桩距的试验方法,得到不同材料、桩距砂石桩的隔振效果差异,得出"砂石桩屏障对强夯具有较好的隔振效果,且隔振效果随砂石桩间距变小而增强"的结论。     

基于基准有限元模型的箱梁TMD振动控制研究

针对高架桥梁结构引起的振动噪声问题,研究TMD控制箱梁结构振动的特性。为了获得精准的箱梁有限元模型,首先以铁路32 m简支箱梁桥为原型,按10:1的几何相似比设计制作简支箱梁缩尺试验模型,应用ANSYS软件建立初始动力有限元模型;对有限元模型模态分析与试验模型模态测试得到的自由模态信息进行误差分析,并采用基于灵敏度分析的模型修正技术对初始动力有限元模型弹性模量和密度进行修正,得到基准有限元模型,误差确认结果显示修正后的有限元模型更精准地反应箱梁的振动特性;进一步利用基准有限元模型,开展TMD控制简支箱梁桥振动的研究,研究结果表明TMD对于抑制桥梁竖向共振有很好的效果。     

铁路路基动态变形模量的数值模拟分析

介绍铁路路基动态变形模量理论计算公式的推导及动态变形模量的测试原理,采用有限元软件模拟动态变形模量的测试过程,分析承载板与土体接触压力、路基动态变形模量的影响因素,并计算动态变形模量的有效测试深度.结果表明:在承载板中心一定范围内,接触压力模拟结果较理论计算值大;土体的动弹性模量对接触压力影响很小,可以忽略;路基动态变形模量测试冲击荷载作用下,土体只发生弹性变形;动态变形模量与土体动弹性模量呈线性关系,路基动态变形模量的模拟结果大于理论计算值;土体的泊松比对动态变形模量影响较小;动态变形模量有效测试深度建议取0.5~0.6 m.     

Eco-driving behaviors of electric vehicle users: A survey study

Previous research has shown that electric vehicle (EV) users could behave differently compared to internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) drivers due to their consciousness or practices of eco-driving, but very limited research has fully investigated this assumption. This research explores this topic through investigating EV drivers’ eco-driving behaviors and motivations. We first conducted a questionnaire survey on EV drivers’ driving behavior and some hypothetical decisions of their driving. It indicates various characteristics between EV and ICEV commuters, including self-reported daily driving habits, preferences of route choices, tradeoff between travel time and energy saving, and adoption of in-vehicle display (IVD) technologies. Then, through statistical analysis with Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, this research reveals that, compared to ICEV drivers, EV drivers possess significantly calmer driving maneuvers and more fuel-efficient driving habits such as trip chaining. The survey data also show that EV drivers are much more willing to save energy in compensation of travel time. Furthermore, the survey data indicate that EV drivers are more willing to adopt eco-friendly IVD technologies. All these findings are expected to improve the understanding of some unique behavior found in EV drivers.     

Buckle propagation of damaged SHCC sandwich pipes: Experimental tests and numerical simulation

Sandwich pipe (SP) combining high-strength performance and thermal insulation has been considered an effective solution for oil and gas transportation in ultra-deepwater. Strain hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) is well known for its capacity to withstand both tensile load and external hydrostatic pressure. The sandwich pipe considered in the research is constituted of concentric steel pipes with SHCC annular layer. In the present research work, the SHCC was manufactured, and full scale sandwich pipes were assembled. Intact and damaged specimens were submitted to controlled external pressure in a hyperbaric chamber to obtain the collapse and propagation pressures, respectively. Modeling and simulation of the buckle propagation of the SPs were correlated with the experimental results. The results show that sandwich pipe with SHCC core has an excellent structural strength under high external pressure in both intact and damaged conditions. Moreover, the results also show that the interaction between the annular and the inner/outer pipes provides a significant contribution to the buckling resistance under propagation pressure.     

悬链式单浮箱防波堤水动力特性试验研究

为研究悬链式单浮箱防波堤水动力特性的影响因素,采用二维物理模型试验方法,讨论规则波下相对吃水S/d、相对宽度B/L、锚链刚度k、锚链系泊倾角α等因素改变时浮堤模型的透射系数K_t和锚链上最大拉力F的变化规律。试验分析采用平均波高计算透射系数K_t,以前1/10最大拉力平均值作为最大拉力F。结果表明:相对宽度B/L0. 3时,相对宽度B/L是影响浮箱模型消浪性能的主要因素;相对吃水S/d0. 14时,相对吃水S/d是影响锚链上最大拉力F的主要因素。所得结果可以为悬链式单浮箱防波堤的设计和进一步研究提供参考。     

新型隧道结构纵向连接筋对支护性能影响研究

隧道工程中,纵向连接筋多为焊接或者插入式连接,但纵向连接筋对隧道支护性能影响尚不明确,没有相关试验分析。基于此问题,按照初支二衬联拱隧道新型支护体系,设计采用不同纵向连接筋形式初期支护构件,采用MTS大型拟动力加载系统进行室内加载试验,对采用纵向连接筋构件的力学特性进行研究,得到如下结论:(1)纵向连接筋在初期支护中稳定型钢、参与结构受力,加强隧道支护承载能力及抗变形能力,提升隧道整体性、稳定性;(2)纵向连接筋插入式连接在提升构件承载力及抗变形能力要优于焊接连接,该影响主要体现在加载后期;(3)该试验对比了几种不同纵向连接筋构件受力及变形情况,根据试验结果可确定纵向连接筋最优设置形式,为实际工程提供参考。